Era 4 of 10 · c. 500 BCE–500 CE

Classical antiquity

Large empires rule much of Eurasia, among them Persia, the Maurya and Gupta states of India, Han China and Rome. Classical Greece, the spread of Buddhism and the rise of Christianity belong to this era, which ends as the western Roman Empire falls in the fifth century CE.

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Inside this era

Era · Classical Greece · GreeceClassical Greece5th–4th century BCRoughly the 5th and 4th centuries BC. This page gathers the entries filed under that period. It is not a full history of it.

In the record from this era

Civilization · Classical Greece · GreeceClassical Athens5th–4th century BCThe city-state of Athens in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. A container for the philosophers and texts placed there, not a history of the city.

Philosopher · Classical Greece · GreeceSocratesc. 470–399 BCAthenian philosopher who wrote nothing. What is known of him comes chiefly from Plato, Xenophon, and Aristophanes. Tried and put to death by Athens in 399 BC.

Philosopher · Classical Greece · GreecePlatoc. 428–c. 348 BCAthenian philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, author of the Republic and of the dialogues that carry most of what is known of Socrates.

Philosopher · Classical Greece · GreeceAristotle384–322 BCPhilosopher from Stagira. Studied at Plato's Academy for about twenty years, later founded the Lyceum, and rejected Plato's separate Forms. Tutored Alexander of Macedon.

Text · Classical Greece · GreeceRepublicc. 375 BCPlato's dialogue on justice in the city and in the soul. A primary text. Not a record of a state that existed.