Philosopher · Early modern period · Netherlands
Baruch Spinoza
1632–1677
Dutch Jewish thinker, excommunicated by the Amsterdam synagogue in 1656, who ground lenses for a living and wrote the Ethics, identifying God with Nature. He lived 1632 to 1677 and published almost nothing under his name in his lifetime.
Facts
- Born
- 1632, Amsterdam, Netherlands, to Portuguese Jewish parents.
- Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Baruch Spinoza
- Died
- 1677, The Hague, of lung disease, at forty four.
- Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Baruch Spinoza
- School
- Rationalism, in its most uncompromising form.
- Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Baruch Spinoza
- Known for
- The Ethics: one substance, God or Nature, of which minds and bodies are modes; freedom as understanding necessity.
- Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Baruch Spinoza
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