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352 BCE

This year falls in the Classical antiquity (c. 500 BCE–500 CE). Large empires rule much of Eurasia, among them Persia, the Maurya and Gupta states of India, Han China and Rome. Classical Greece, the spread of Buddhism and the rise of Christianity belong to this era, which ends as the western Roman Empire falls in the fifth century CE.

Within fifteen years

Ruler · Classical antiquity · GreeceAlexander the Great356–323 BCKing of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC, who conquered the Persian Empire before he was thirty three. He defeated Darius III at Issus and Gaugamela, founded Alexandria in Egypt, and marched to India before his army refused to go further. He died at Babylon in 323 BC and his generals divided the empire.

Philosopher · Classical antiquity · GreecePyrrhoc. 360–c. 270 BCGreek thinker from Elis who founded philosophical skepticism, teaching suspension of judgment as the road to calm. He wrote nothing; his pupil Timon is the main source. He lived about 360 to 270 BC.

Philosopher · Classical antiquity · GreeceEpicurus341–270 BCGreek philosopher born on Samos who founded the Garden school at Athens in 306 BC. He taught that pleasure, understood as the absence of pain and disturbance, is the goal of life. He lived 341 to 270 BC, and his school lasted centuries.