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976 CE

This year falls in the Early Middle Ages (c. 500–1000 CE). In western Europe new kingdoms replace the western Roman Empire, while the Byzantine Empire continues in the east. Islam begins in Arabia in the seventh century and its caliphates soon reach from Spain to Central Asia, and China is reunited under the Sui and Tang dynasties.

Within fifteen years

Philosopher · Early Middle Ages · UzbekistanAvicenna980–1037Persian polymath born near Bukhara, in modern Uzbekistan, whose Canon of Medicine was the standard medical text in Europe for centuries. His Book of Healing systematized all philosophy. He lived 980 to 1037, serving princes as physician and minister.

Country · DenmarkDenmarkc. 965–Denmark is a Scandinavian country made up of a peninsula and many islands. Its kingdom was consolidated in the tenth century, making it one of the oldest continuous monarchies in Europe. It is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

Civilization · Early Middle Ages · Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire962–1806The Holy Roman Empire was the great medieval empire of central Europe, neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire, as Voltaire joked. It lasted 844 years from Otto the Great's coronation to Napoleon's dissolution of it in 1806.