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415 BCE

This year falls in the Classical antiquity (c. 500 BCE–500 CE). Large empires rule much of Eurasia, among them Persia, the Maurya and Gupta states of India, Han China and Rome. Classical Greece, the spread of Buddhism and the rise of Christianity belong to this era, which ends as the western Roman Empire falls in the fifth century CE.

Within fifteen years

Philosopher · Classical antiquity · TurkeyDiogenes of Sinopec. 404–323 BCGreek Cynic born at Sinope on the Black Sea coast of modern Turkey who lived in deliberate poverty at Athens and Corinth. He owned a cloak, a staff, and a tub to sleep in. He lived about 404 to 323 BC and wrote nothing that survives.

Philosopher · Classical Greece · GreecePlatoc. 428–c. 348 BCAthenian philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, author of the Republic and of the dialogues that carry most of what is known of Socrates.