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985 CE

This year falls in the Early Middle Ages (c. 500–1000 CE). In western Europe new kingdoms replace the western Roman Empire, while the Byzantine Empire continues in the east. Islam begins in Arabia in the seventh century and its caliphates soon reach from Spain to Central Asia, and China is reunited under the Sui and Tang dynasties.

Within fifteen years

Philosopher · Early Middle Ages · UzbekistanAvicenna980–1037Persian polymath born near Bukhara, in modern Uzbekistan, whose Canon of Medicine was the standard medical text in Europe for centuries. His Book of Healing systematized all philosophy. He lived 980 to 1037, serving princes as physician and minister.

Country · HungaryHungary1000–Hungary is a landlocked country in central Europe. Its kingdom was founded with the coronation of Stephen I in the year 1000. The modern republic dates from 1989, after four decades of communist rule.