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1965 CE

This year falls in the Twentieth century (1901–2000). Two world wars, the Russian and Chinese revolutions, the Cold War and the end of most colonial empires fall in this century. It also brings mass air travel, nuclear weapons, antibiotics and computers.

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Dated to 1965 CE

Country · GambiaGambia1965–The Gambia is a tiny country wrapped around the Gambia River, surrounded by Senegal. It became independent from Britain in 1965. It is a presidential republic.
Country · MaldivesMaldives1965–The Maldives is an archipelago of about twelve hundred coral islands in the Indian Ocean. It became independent from Britain in 1965. It is a presidential republic and a luxury tourist destination threatened by rising seas.
Country · SingaporeSingapore1965–Singapore is a city state at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, one of the world's great ports. It was expelled from Malaysia in 1965 and became independent alone. Under Lee Kuan Yew it grew into one of the richest countries on earth.

Within fifteen years

Country · BarbadosBarbados1966–Barbados is a small island country in the Caribbean. It was a British sugar colony for three centuries until independence in 1966. In 2021 it removed the British monarch and became a parliamentary republic.
Country · BotswanaBotswana1966–Botswana is a landlocked country in southern Africa, mostly covered by the Kalahari Desert. It became independent from Britain in 1966. It is a parliamentary republic and one of Africa's most stable democracies.
Event · Twentieth century · ChinaCultural Revolution1966–1976The campaign Mao launched in 1966 against officials, teachers, and people classed as enemies. Schools closed. Red Guards and later factional fighting killed large numbers. A full count is not agreed. Generally treated as lasting until Mao's death in 1976.
Country · GuyanaGuyana1966–Guyana is a country on the Atlantic coast of South America, the only English speaking state on the continent. It became independent from Britain in 1966. Oil found offshore promises to transform it.
Country · LesothoLesotho1966–Lesotho is a mountain kingdom entirely surrounded by South Africa. King Moshoeshoe I founded it in the nineteenth century as a refuge from the Zulu wars. It became independent from Britain in 1966 and is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
Country · MalawiMalawi1964–Malawi is a landlocked country in southeastern Africa, named for Lake Malawi. It became independent from Britain in 1964. Hastings Banda ruled as a dictator for three decades; it is now a presidential republic.
Country · MaltaMalta1964–Malta is a small island country in the central Mediterranean. Its position made it one of the most fought over islands in history. It became independent from Britain in 1964 and a republic in 1974.
Country · TanzaniaTanzania1964–Tanzania is an East African country home to Mount Kilimanjaro and the Serengeti. Tanganyika and Zanzibar united in 1964. Julius Nyerere built a peaceful single party state; it is now a presidential republic.
Country · ZambiaZambia1964–Zambia is a landlocked country in southern Africa, rich in copper. It became independent from Britain in 1964. Kenneth Kaunda ruled for twenty seven years; it is now a presidential republic.
Country · KenyaKenya1963–Kenya is an East African country on the Indian Ocean, famous for its wildlife and athletes. It became independent from Britain in 1963 after the Mau Mau uprising. It is a presidential republic.
Country · MalaysiaMalaysia1963–Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country split between the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. The Federation of Malaysia formed in 1963. It is a federal constitutional monarchy whose king is chosen by rotation among nine sultans.
Country · AlgeriaAlgeria1962–Algeria is the largest country in Africa, stretching from the Mediterranean deep into the Sahara. It won independence from France in 1962 after an eight year war. It is a semi presidential republic rich in oil and gas.
Country · BurundiBurundi1962–Burundi is a small, densely populated country in central Africa. It became independent from Belgium in 1962. Ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi has scarred its history, including a civil war from 1993 to 2005.
Country · Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea1968–Equatorial Guinea is a small Central African country, the only African state where Spanish is official. It became independent from Spain in 1968. Oil wealth flows to the ruling family of Teodoro Obiang, president since 1979.
Country · EswatiniEswatini1968–Eswatini, formerly Swaziland, is a small landlocked kingdom in southern Africa. It became independent from Britain in 1968. King Mswati III rules as an absolute monarch, one of the last in the world.
Country · JamaicaJamaica1962–Jamaica is a Caribbean island country, the birthplace of reggae and the Rastafari movement. Britain ruled it for three centuries until independence in 1962. It is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
Country · MauritiusMauritius1968–Mauritius is an island country in the Indian Ocean, once home to the dodo. It became independent from Britain in 1968. It is a stable parliamentary republic and one of Africa's wealthiest states.
Country · NauruNauru1968–Nauru is a tiny Pacific island country, the world's smallest republic. Phosphate mining made it briefly one of the richest states per person. It became independent in 1968 and is a parliamentary republic.
Country · RwandaRwanda1962–Rwanda is a small, densely populated country in central Africa. It became independent from Belgium in 1962. The 1994 genocide killed about 800,000 people; since then Paul Kagame has rebuilt it as a tightly controlled state.
Country · SamoaSamoa1962–Samoa is a Polynesian country in the South Pacific. Germany and then New Zealand ruled it before independence in 1962, the first Pacific island state freed. It is a parliamentary republic.
Country · Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago1962–Trinidad and Tobago is a twin island country off Venezuela, birthplace of calypso and the steel drum. It became independent from Britain in 1962. It is a parliamentary republic rich in oil and gas.
Country · UgandaUganda1962–Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa on Lake Victoria. It became independent from Britain in 1962. Idi Amin's terror in the 1970s killed hundreds of thousands; Yoweri Museveni has ruled since 1986.
Event · Twentieth century · GermanyBerlin Wall1961–1989Barrier sealing West Berlin from East Germany, built 13 August 1961, opened 9 November 1989. Built to stop emigration; shoot-to-kill orders governed escape attempts.
Country · KuwaitKuwait1961–Kuwait is a small oil rich emirate at the head of the Persian Gulf. It became independent from Britain in 1961. Iraq invaded and occupied it in 1990 until a United States led coalition freed it in 1991.