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1748 CE

This year falls in the Early modern period (c. 1500–1800). European ships link the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia into one trading world, and the conquest of the Americas and the Atlantic slave trade follow. Large land empires, among them the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal and Qing, rule much of Asia, while printing and the Scientific Revolution change how knowledge spreads in Europe.

Dated to 1748 CE

Philosopher · Early modern period · EnglandJeremy Bentham1748–1832English reformer who founded utilitarianism on the greatest happiness principle: the right act is the one that makes the most happiness. He campaigned for legal reform, animal welfare, and the secret ballot. He lived 1748 to 1832.

Within fifteen years

Country · OmanOman1744–Oman is a sultanate on the southeastern coast of Arabia. Ahmad bin Said founded the current dynasty in 1744. It once ruled a seaborne empire reaching Zanzibar; today it is an absolute monarchy and a quiet diplomatic power.

Philosopher · Age of revolutions and empire · GermanyJohann Gottlieb Fichte1762–1814German thinker who turned Kant's philosophy into German idealism, making the absolute ego the source of all reality. His Addresses to the German Nation preached national resistance to Napoleon. He lived 1762 to 1814.