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1415 CE

This year falls in the High and Late Middle Ages (c. 1000–1500 CE). Trade grows across Eurasia, and in the thirteenth century the Mongols build the largest connected land empire in history. The Black Death kills a large share of the people of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa from the 1340s, and the era closes with the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the first European voyages to the Americas.

Within fifteen years

Civilization · High and Late Middle Ages · Aztec EmpireAztec Empire1428–1521The Aztec Empire ruled central Mexico from its island capital Tenochtitlan, one of the world's largest cities. Its Triple Alliance dominated the region for less than a century. Cortés conquered it in 1521.

Civilization · High and Late Middle Ages · Inca EmpireInca Empirec. 1400–1533The Inca Empire was the largest state in the pre Columbian Americas, ruling the Andes from its capital Cuzco. It built Machu Picchu and 25,000 miles of roads without the wheel or writing. Pizarro's Spaniards destroyed it in 1533.