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1329 CE

This year falls in the High and Late Middle Ages (c. 1000–1500 CE). Trade grows across Eurasia, and in the thirteenth century the Mongols build the largest connected land empire in history. The Black Death kills a large share of the people of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa from the 1340s, and the era closes with the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the first European voyages to the Americas.

Within fifteen years

Ruler · High and Late Middle Ages · ChinaHongwu Emperor1328–1398Founder of China's Ming dynasty, reigning from 1368 to 1398, born Zhu Yuanzhang in 1328 to a poor peasant family. He rose through the Red Turban rebellion, drove the Mongol Yuan dynasty out of China, and made Nanjing his capital. His rule restored Han Chinese government after nearly a century of Mongol rule.

Philosopher · High and Late Middle Ages · TunisiaIbn Khaldun1332–1406Tunisian born historian and thinker whose Muqaddimah, the introduction to his world history, founded the study of how societies rise and fall. He served courts across North Africa and Spain, met Timur in 1401, and died at Cairo. He lived 1332 to 1406.