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1113 CE

This year falls in the High and Late Middle Ages (c. 1000–1500 CE). Trade grows across Eurasia, and in the thirteenth century the Mongols build the largest connected land empire in history. The Black Death kills a large share of the people of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa from the 1340s, and the era closes with the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the first European voyages to the Americas.

Within fifteen years

Ruler · High and Late Middle Ages · GermanyFrederick Barbarossac. 1122–1190Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190, born about 1122, king of Germany from 1152. He spent his reign asserting imperial authority over the Lombard cities of Italy and the papacy, and was defeated by the Lombard League at Legnano in 1176. He drowned on the Third Crusade in 1190, and legend says he sleeps in the Kyffhauser mountain.

Philosopher · High and Late Middle Ages · SpainAverroes1126–1198Cordoban philosopher, judge, and physician whose line by line commentaries on Aristotle earned him the Latin name the Commentator. He argued that philosophy and revelation agree. He lived 1126 to 1198 and ended his life in disfavor.